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        <h2 id="python-元祖"><a href="#python-元祖" class="headerlink" title="python-元祖"></a>python-元祖</h2><h3 id="元组和记录"><a href="#元组和记录" class="headerlink" title="元组和记录"></a>元组和记录</h3><ul>
<li><p>元组记录、拆包 </p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 记录</span></span><br><span class="line">lax_coordinates = (<span class="number">33.9425</span>, <span class="number">-118.408056</span>)</span><br><span class="line">city, year, pop, chg, area = (<span class="string">'Tokyo'</span>, <span class="number">2003</span>, <span class="number">32450</span>, <span class="number">0.66</span>, <span class="number">8014</span>)</span><br><span class="line">traveler_ids = [(<span class="string">'USA'</span>, <span class="string">'31195855'</span>), (<span class="string">'BRA'</span>, <span class="string">'CE342567'</span>),(<span class="string">'ESP'</span>, <span class="string">'XDA205856'</span>)]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> passport <span class="keyword">in</span> sorted(traveler_ids):</span><br><span class="line">    print(<span class="string">'%s/%s'</span> % passport)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">BRA/CE342567</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">ESP/XDA205856</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">USA/31195855</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> country, _ <span class="keyword">in</span> traveler_ids:</span><br><span class="line">    print(country) </span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">USA</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">BRA</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">ESP</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 拆包</span></span><br><span class="line">lax_coordinates = (<span class="number">33.9425</span>, <span class="number">-118.408056</span>) </span><br><span class="line">latitude, longitude = lax_coordinates </span><br><span class="line">print(latitude,longitude)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">33.9425 -118.408056</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>具名元组  namedtuple</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> collections <span class="keyword">import</span> namedtuple</span><br><span class="line">City = namedtuple(<span class="string">'City'</span>, <span class="string">'name country population coordinates'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">tokyo = City(<span class="string">'Tokyo'</span>, <span class="string">'JP'</span>, <span class="number">36.933</span>, (<span class="number">35.689722</span>, <span class="number">139.691667</span>))</span><br><span class="line">City(name=<span class="string">'Tokyo'</span>, country=<span class="string">'JP'</span>, population=<span class="number">36.933</span>, coordinates=(<span class="number">35.689722</span>, <span class="number">139.691667</span>))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(tokyo.country)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># print(City._fields )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➊ 创建一个具名元组需要两个参数，一个是类名，另一个是类的各个字段的名字。后者可 以是由数个字符串组成的可迭代对象，或者是由空格分隔开的字段名组成的字符串。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➋ 存放在对应字段里的数据要以一串参数的形式传入到构造函数中（注意，元组的构造函 数却只接受单一的可迭代对象）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➌ 你可以通过字段名或者位置来获取一个字段的信息。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LatLong = namedtuple(<span class="string">'LatLong'</span>, <span class="string">'lat long'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">delhi_data = (<span class="string">'Delhi NCR'</span>, <span class="string">'IN'</span>, <span class="number">21.935</span>, LatLong(<span class="number">28.613889</span>, <span class="number">77.208889</span>))</span><br><span class="line">delhi = City._make(delhi_data)</span><br><span class="line">print(delhi._asdict())  </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># OrderedDict([('name', 'Delhi NCR'), ('country', 'IN'), ('population', 21.935), ('coordinates', LatLong(lat=28.613889, long=77.208889))])  </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➊ _fields 属性是一个包含这个类所有字段名称的元组。 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➋ 用 _make() 通过接受一个可迭代对象来生成这个类的一个实例，它的作用跟 City(*delhi_data) 是一样的。 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">➌ _asdict() 把具名元组以 collections.OrderedDict 的形式返回，我们可以利用它来把元 组里的信息友好地呈现出来</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line">``</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>序列使用+和*  </p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">l = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>] </span><br><span class="line">print(l * <span class="number">5</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3] </span></span><br><span class="line">``` </span><br><span class="line">+和* 都遵循这个规律，不修改原有的操作对象，而是构建一个全新的序列</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">```python</span><br><span class="line">board = [[<span class="string">'_'</span>] * <span class="number">3</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">3</span>)] </span><br><span class="line">board[<span class="number">1</span>][<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">'X'</span> </span><br><span class="line">print(board )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># [['_', '_', '_'], ['_', '_', 'X'], ['_', '_', '_']]</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">"""**含有 3 个指向同一对象的引用的列表是毫无用处的** """</span></span><br><span class="line">weird_board = [[<span class="string">'_'</span>] * <span class="number">3</span>] * <span class="number">3</span> </span><br><span class="line">weird_board[<span class="number">1</span>][<span class="number">2</span>] = <span class="string">'O'</span> </span><br><span class="line">print(weird_board)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># [['_', '_', 'O'], ['_', '_', 'O'], ['_', '_', 'O']]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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